Python 코드 조각들

http://code.opoki.com/loading-utf-8-json-file-in-python/

import json
import codecs
 
# just open the file...
input_file  = file("input_file.json", "r")
# need to use codecs for output to avoid error in json.dump
output_file = codecs.open("output_file.json", "w", encoding="utf-8")
 
# read the file and decode possible UTF-8 signature at the beginning
# which can be the case in some files.
j = json.loads(input_file.read().decode("utf-8-sig"))
 
# then output it, indenting, sorting keys and ensuring representation as it was originally
json.dump(j, output_file, indent=4, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False)

현재 사용 중인 koMoinMoin은 첨부 파일이 삭제된 경우에도 디렉토리는 그대로 남아있기 때문에 찝찝하다. 그래서 하나 만들었는데, 딱히 다른 곳에 쓸 데가 있는지는 의문이다. 다른 건 다 필요없고, “shutil”이라는 모듈이 있다는 것만 알면 된다.

import os
import shutil
 
def get_file_count(path):
    if path[-1] != os.sep:
        path += os.sep
 
    count = 0
 
    for name in os.listdir(path):
        full_name = path + name
        if os.path.isdir(full_name):
            count = count + get_file_count(full_name)
        else:
            count = count + 1
 
    return count
 
def get_empty_dir(path):
    if path[-1] != os.sep:
        path += os.sep
 
    fileList = []
 
    for name in os.listdir(path):
        full_name = path + name
        if os.path.isdir(full_name):
            if get_file_count(full_name) == 0:
                fileList.append(full_name)
 
    return fileList
 
 
for dir in get_empty_dir("somewhere"):
    shutil.rmtree(dir)

1. SKILL_BASIC_MELEE → SkillBasicMelee 과 같은 식으로 변환하기

import re
import string
 
Originals = [
    "SKILL_BASIC_MELEE",
    "SKILL_BASIC_MISSILE"
]
 
def replace(matchobj):
    str = matchobj.group(2)
    return string.upper(str)
 
for line in Originals:
    converted = string.lower(line)
    converted = re.sub(r"(_|^)([a-z])", replace, converted)
    print(converted)

2. 주어진 XML 파일 내부에서 ”<Object” 문자열로 시작하는 행을 찾아, 그 행에 있는 PosX 및 PosY 부동소수 값에다 특정 값을 더한 다음, PosX 값과 PosY 값을 이용해 새로운 파일 이름을 생성해서, 그 파일에다 변경한 내용을 기록하기. -_- 딱히 어떤 용도가 있다기 보다는, 대량 치환을 어떻게 처리하는 가에 대한 예제 정도.

import string
import re
 
files = [
    "107.xml",
    "108.xml",
    "109.xml",
    "110.xml",
    "111.xml",
    "125.xml",
    "126.xml",
    "127.xml",
    "128.xml",
    "143.xml",
    "144.xml",
    "160.xml",
    "161.xml",
    "177.xml",
    "178.xml",
    "193.xml",
    "194.xml",
    "196.xml",
    "210.xml",
    "228.xml",
    "91.xml",
    "92.xml",
    "93.xml"
]
 
GX = 0
GY = 0
 
def add_x_offset(m):
    global GX
    s = m.group(1)
    GX = int(s) + 4800
    return "PosX=\"" + str(GX) + "." + m.group(2) + "\""
 
def add_y_offset(m):
    global GY
    s = m.group(1)
    GY = int(s) + 10200
    return "PosY=\"" + str(GY) + "." + m.group(2) + "\""
 
def replace_line(line):
    line = re.sub(r"PosX=\"([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\"", add_x_offset, line)
    line = re.sub(r"PosY=\"([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\"", add_y_offset, line)
    return line
 
for filename in files:
    input = file(filename, "r")
    converted = []
 
    for line in input.readlines():
        pos = string.find(line, "<Object ")
        if pos != -1:
            converted.append(replace_line(line))
        else:
            converted.append(line)
 
    new_filename = str(int((GY / 600) * 33 + (GX / 600)))
    output = file(".\\output\\" + new_filename + ".xml", "w")
    for line in converted:
        output.write(line)

from [http://www.steffensiebert.de/soft/python/schnipsel.html]

타임아웃되는 소켓이라고 하는데, 일종의 넌블러킹 소켓이라고 볼 수 있다.

timeoutsocket.py

####
# Copyright 2000,2001 by Timothy O'Malley <timo@alum.mit.edu>
# 
#                All Rights Reserved
# 
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
# and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
# granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
# copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
# Timothy O'Malley  not be used in advertising or publicity
# pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
# prior permission. 
# 
# Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
# SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
# AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR
# ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
# WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
# ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
# PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 
#
####
 
"""Timeout Socket
 
This module enables a timeout mechanism on all TCP connections.  It
does this by inserting a shim into the socket module.  After this module
has been imported, all socket creation goes through this shim.  As a
result, every TCP connection will support a timeout.
 
The beauty of this method is that it immediately and transparently
enables the entire python library to support timeouts on TCP sockets.
As an example, if you wanted to SMTP connections to have a 20 second
timeout:
 
    import timeoutsocket
    import smtplib
    timeoutsocket.setDefaultSocketTimeout(20)
 
 
The timeout applies to the socket functions that normally block on
execution:  read, write, connect, and accept.  If any of these 
operations exceeds the specified timeout, the exception Timeout
will be raised.
 
The default timeout value is set to None.  As a result, importing
this module does not change the default behavior of a socket.  The
timeout mechanism only activates when the timeout has been set to
a numeric value.  (This behavior mimics the behavior of the
select.select() function.)
 
This module implements two classes: TimeoutSocket and TimeoutFile.
 
The TimeoutSocket class defines a socket-like object that attempts to
avoid the condition where a socket may block indefinitely.  The
TimeoutSocket class raises a Timeout exception whenever the
current operation delays too long. 
 
The TimeoutFile class defines a file-like object that uses the TimeoutSocket
class.  When the makefile() method of TimeoutSocket is called, it returns
an instance of a TimeoutFile.
 
Each of these objects adds two methods to manage the timeout value:
 
    get_timeout()   -->  returns the timeout of the socket or file
    set_timeout()   -->  sets the timeout of the socket or file
 
 
As an example, one might use the timeout feature to create httplib
connections that will timeout after 30 seconds:
 
    import timeoutsocket
    import httplib
    H = httplib.HTTP("www.python.org")
    H.sock.set_timeout(30)
 
Note:  When used in this manner, the connect() routine may still
block because it happens before the timeout is set.  To avoid
this, use the 'timeoutsocket.setDefaultSocketTimeout()' function.
 
Good Luck!
 
"""
 
__version__ = "$Revision: 1.1 $"
__author__  = "Timothy O'Malley <timo@alum.mit.edu>"
 
#
# Imports
#
import select, string
import socket
if not hasattr(socket, "_no_timeoutsocket"):
    _socket = socket.socket
else:
    _socket = socket._no_timeoutsocket
 
 
#
# Set up constants to test for Connected and Blocking operations.
# We delete 'os' and 'errno' to keep our namespace clean(er).
# Thanks to Alex Martelli and G. Li for the Windows error codes.
#
import os
if os.name == "nt":
    _IsConnected = ( 10022, 10056 )
    _ConnectBusy = ( 10035, )
    _AcceptBusy  = ( 10035, )
else:
    import errno
    _IsConnected = ( errno.EISCONN, )
    _ConnectBusy = ( errno.EINPROGRESS, errno.EALREADY, errno.EWOULDBLOCK )
    _AcceptBusy  = ( errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK )
    del errno
del os
 
 
#
# Default timeout value for ALL TimeoutSockets
#
_DefaultTimeout = None
def setDefaultSocketTimeout(timeout):
    global _DefaultTimeout
    _DefaultTimeout = timeout
def getDefaultSocketTimeout():
    return _DefaultTimeout
 
#
# Exceptions for socket errors and timeouts
#
Error = socket.error
class Timeout(Exception):
    pass
 
 
#
# Factory function
#
from socket import AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM
def timeoutsocket(family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=None):
    if family != AF_INET or type != SOCK_STREAM:
        if proto:
            return _socket(family, type, proto)
        else:
            return _socket(family, type)
    return TimeoutSocket( _socket(family, type), _DefaultTimeout )
# end timeoutsocket
 
#
# The TimeoutSocket class definition
#
class TimeoutSocket:
    """TimeoutSocket object
    Implements a socket-like object that raises Timeout whenever
    an operation takes too long.
    The definition of 'too long' can be changed using the
    set_timeout() method.
    """
 
    _copies = 0
    _blocking = 1
 
    def __init__(self, sock, timeout):
        self._sock     = sock
        self._timeout  = timeout
    # end __init__
 
    def __getattr__(self, key):
        return getattr(self._sock, key)
    # end __getattr__
 
    def get_timeout(self):
        return self._timeout
    # end set_timeout
 
    def set_timeout(self, timeout=None):
        self._timeout = timeout
    # end set_timeout
 
    def setblocking(self, blocking):
        self._blocking = blocking
        return self._sock.setblocking(blocking)
    # end set_timeout
 
    def connect_ex(self, addr):
        errcode = 0
        try:
            self.connect(addr)
        except Error, why:
            errcode = why[0]
        return errcode
    # end connect_ex
 
    def connect(self, addr, port=None, dumbhack=None):
        # In case we were called as connect(host, port)
        if port != None:  addr = (addr, port)
 
        # Shortcuts
        sock    = self._sock
        timeout = self._timeout
        blocking = self._blocking
 
        # First, make a non-blocking call to connect
        try:
            sock.setblocking(0)
            sock.connect(addr)
            sock.setblocking(blocking)
            return
        except Error, why:
            # Set the socket's blocking mode back
            sock.setblocking(blocking)
 
            # If we are not blocking, re-raise
            if not blocking:
                raise
 
            # If we are already connected, then return success.
            # If we got a genuine error, re-raise it.
            errcode = why[0]
            if dumbhack and errcode in _IsConnected:
                return
            elif errcode not in _ConnectBusy:
                raise
 
        # Now, wait for the connect to happen
        # ONLY if dumbhack indicates this is pass number one.
        #   If select raises an error, we pass it on.
        #   Is this the right behavior?
        if not dumbhack:
            r,w,e = select.select([], [sock], [], timeout)
            if w:
                return self.connect(addr, dumbhack=1)
 
        # If we get here, then we should raise Timeout
        raise Timeout("Attempted connect to %s timed out." % str(addr) )
    # end connect
 
    def accept(self, dumbhack=None):
        # Shortcuts
        sock     = self._sock
        timeout  = self._timeout
        blocking = self._blocking
 
        # First, make a non-blocking call to accept
        #  If we get a valid result, then convert the
        #  accept'ed socket into a TimeoutSocket.
        # Be carefult about the blocking mode of ourselves.
        try:
            sock.setblocking(0)
            newsock, addr = sock.accept()
            sock.setblocking(blocking)
            timeoutnewsock = self.__class__(newsock, timeout)
            timeoutnewsock.setblocking(blocking)
            return (timeoutnewsock, addr)
        except Error, why:
            # Set the socket's blocking mode back
            sock.setblocking(blocking)
 
            # If we are not supposed to block, then re-raise
            if not blocking:
                raise
 
            # If we got a genuine error, re-raise it.
            errcode = why[0]
            if errcode not in _AcceptBusy:
                raise
 
        # Now, wait for the accept to happen
        # ONLY if dumbhack indicates this is pass number one.
        #   If select raises an error, we pass it on.
        #   Is this the right behavior?
        if not dumbhack:
            r,w,e = select.select([sock], [], [], timeout)
            if r:
                return self.accept(dumbhack=1)
 
        # If we get here, then we should raise Timeout
        raise Timeout("Attempted accept timed out.")
    # end accept
 
    def send(self, data, flags=0):
        sock = self._sock
        if self._blocking:
            r,w,e = select.select([],[sock],[], self._timeout)
            if not w:
                raise Timeout("Send timed out")
        return sock.send(data, flags)
    # end send
 
    def recv(self, bufsize, flags=0):
        sock = self._sock
        if self._blocking:
            r,w,e = select.select([sock], [], [], self._timeout)
            if not r:
                raise Timeout("Recv timed out")
        return sock.recv(bufsize, flags)
    # end recv
 
    def makefile(self, flags="r", bufsize=-1):
        self._copies = self._copies +1
        return TimeoutFile(self, flags, bufsize)
    # end makefile
 
    def close(self):
        if self._copies <= 0:
            self._sock.close()
        else:
            self._copies = self._copies -1
    # end close
 
# end TimeoutSocket
 
 
class TimeoutFile:
    """TimeoutFile object
    Implements a file-like object on top of TimeoutSocket.
    """
 
    def __init__(self, sock, mode="r", bufsize=4096):
        self._sock          = sock
        self._bufsize       = 4096
        if bufsize > 0: self._bufsize = bufsize
        if not hasattr(sock, "_inqueue"): self._sock._inqueue = ""
 
    # end __init__
 
    def __getattr__(self, key):
        return getattr(self._sock, key)
    # end __getattr__
 
    def close(self):
        self._sock.close()
        self._sock = None
    # end close
 
    def write(self, data):
        self.send(data)
    # end write
 
    def read(self, size=-1):
        _sock = self._sock
        _bufsize = self._bufsize
        while 1:
            datalen = len(_sock._inqueue)
            if datalen >= size >= 0:
                break
            bufsize = _bufsize
            if size > 0:
                bufsize = min(bufsize, size - datalen )
            buf = self.recv(bufsize)
            if not buf:
                break
            _sock._inqueue = _sock._inqueue + buf
        data = _sock._inqueue
        _sock._inqueue = ""
        if size > 0 and datalen > size:
            _sock._inqueue = data[size:]
            data = data[:size]
        return data
    # end read
 
    def readline(self, size=-1):
        _sock = self._sock
        _bufsize = self._bufsize
        while 1:
            idx = string.find(_sock._inqueue, "\n")
            if idx >= 0:
                break
            datalen = len(_sock._inqueue)
            if datalen >= size >= 0:
                break
            bufsize = _bufsize
            if size > 0:
                bufsize = min(bufsize, size - datalen )
            buf = self.recv(bufsize)
            if not buf:
                break
            _sock._inqueue = _sock._inqueue + buf
 
        data = _sock._inqueue
        _sock._inqueue = ""
        if idx >= 0:
            idx = idx + 1
            _sock._inqueue = data[idx:]
            data = data[:idx]
        elif size > 0 and datalen > size:
            _sock._inqueue = data[size:]
            data = data[:size]
        return data
    # end readline
 
    def readlines(self, sizehint=-1):
        result = []
        data = self.read()
        while data:
            idx = string.find(data, "\n")
            if idx >= 0:
                idx = idx + 1
                result.append( data[:idx] )
                data = data[idx:]
            else:
                result.append( data )
                data = ""
        return result
    # end readlines
 
    def flush(self):  pass
 
# end TimeoutFile
 
 
#
# Silently replace the socket() builtin function with
# our timeoutsocket() definition.
#
if not hasattr(socket, "_no_timeoutsocket"):
    socket._no_timeoutsocket = socket.socket
    socket.socket = timeoutsocket
del socket
socket = timeoutsocket
# Finis

• see also Python